Cupola Furnace is a melting device which used to melt cast iron, Bronze and other alloying elements are melted. It is mainly used to convert pig iron to cast iron.Cupola Furnace was first built in China in the Warring States Period ( 403 -221 BC).Cupola furnace is cylindrical in shape and the equipment of this…
A pattern is a replica of casting, but it has slightly larger dimensions. This change in pattern in casting due to various reasons is known as pattern allowances in casting. For Example:When the cast solidifies, it shrink at some extent due to the metal shrinkage property at the time of cooling. So a pattern is made…
Annealing is a heat treatment that alters the physical and sometimes chemical properties of a material to increase its ductility and reduce its hardness, making it more workable.In annealing process, a material is heated above its recrystallization temperature,maintaining a suitable temperature and then cooling. In cases of copper, steel, silver and brass, this process is…
Projection is a type of resistance welding. It is named so because different projections are formed on the workpiece for effective welding.In this welding process, the design or shape of the part is used to make discreet individual contact to concentrate the current during the welding process.In most cases, multiple small projections are formed over…
Vena Contracta is the point in a fluid stream where kinetic energy is maximum and pressure energy is minimum.At Vena Contracta fluid stream where velocity is maximum and the diameter of stream is minimum.in orificemeter maximum contraction or Vena Contracta takes place at a section slightly down the stream of the flow, at that section…
Geneva Drive is a gear mechanism that translates rotation motion into intermittent rotary motion. The rotating drive wheel has a pin that enters into the slot of driven wheel and make it rotate step by step. The driving wheel has also an elevated half circle that lock the driven wheel in position between steps. The…
Kinematic Pair is the combination of two kinematic links ( a link is a resistant body that constitutes part of the machine ) that have relative motion with respect to each other and relative motion between them is completely or successfully constrained. Examples of Kinematic Pairs are :-i) Rectangular bar in a rectangular hole.ii) Wheel rolling on a…
Cochran Boiler is a modified form of the simple vertical boiler which has various firetubes which can exchange heat to water through convectionThe efficiency of this boiler is much better than the efficiency of simple vertical boiler.In this boiler flue gases will travel in the tubes which will be surrounded by water and water will be heated by…
Vapour absorption refrigeration system (VARS) is mainly used where high power is not easily available.It is different from vapour compression refrigeration system because in this system compressor is replaced with an absorber, pump, and generator.Vapour absorption refrigeration system uses heat energy for refrigeration while the Vapour Compression System uses work energy for refigeration which is…
Rolling mills are classified based on the number and arrangement of the rolls in it. Rolling is a metal forming process in which metal stock is passed through one or more pair of rolls to reduce its thickness and make the thickness uniform. These machines are available in different shapes and sizes and having different…